Allen’s Hummingbird

Selasphorus sasin

Allen’s, and Rufous Hummingbirds are very difficult to differentiate in the field. Allen’s Hummingbirds breed only along a narrow strip of coastal California and southern Oregon. They seem to prefer areas where moist summer fog keeps things cool and wet most of the time.

Taxonomists recognize two subspecies of Allen’s Hummingbird:

• S. s. sasin breeds from southwestern Oregon to southern California and spends winters in south-central Mexico.
• S. s. sedentarius lives year-round on the Channel Islands and on the nearby mainland of California.

The non-migratory subspecies of Allen’s Hummingbird (S. s. sedentarius) was first described by Joseph Grinnell in 1929. In recent decades, this race has expanded their range into the Los Angeles basin and the coastal strip south to San Diego. Their bill-length and wing-length is approximately 15% longer than their long-distance migrating cousins (S. s. sasin). Another difference between these two races is their choice of habitat. Where S. s. sasin prefers undisturbed areas for nesting, S. s. sedentarius is quite at home in human settled neighborhoods.

I have high confidence with some identities of the Allen’s Hummingbirds I have photographed. But there is always a risk of confusing them with Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus). Most experienced birders caution against committing to a fixed ID. Rather, they advise us to call them a Selasphorus-type hummingbird.

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