Surf Scoter

Melanitta perspicillata
Range Map

Surf Scoters winter along the east and west coast of the USA, but breeds in Alaska, Yukon and the Northwest Territory and east to the Atlantic coast. Though known as “sea ducks”, they breed in freshwater lakes in the boreal forests far to the north on the North American Continent.

Surf Scoters nest later than most other duck species. Females alone incubate, and after hatching, the hen leads her young to water where they feed on aquatic invertebrates. Females with broods are not territorial, and on crowded lakes, accidental exchanges of chicks and brood amalgamations occur. Unsuccessful hens leave the breeding grounds before the successful hens, which depart before the hatch-year birds do.

In November 2001, while viewing the sea from the cliffs to the north of the Olympic Peninsula, I witnessed a large dense raft of perhaps a hundred Surf Scoters actively feeding near the mouth of the Puget Sound. The birds all dived repeatedly, all at once, simultaneously resurfacing a minute later. The sea water virtually boiled with each cycle. It was very exciting to watch.

Modern science regards the Surf Scoter as monotypic (i.e. there are no subspecies).

San Diego Bay, especially at the southern end, is a reliable place to meet these birds in the winter. During the breeding season, these sea ducks seek boreal forest lakes in northern Canada and Alaska. In 2022, I met a raft of Surf Scoters in the company of White-Winged Scoters on their breeding grounds in northern British Columbia (Canada). While I was driving north towards Canada on the Pacific Coast, I found many opportunities to photograph them foraging on sheltered coastal waters through California, Oregon, and Washington.

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